surgical steel jewelry wholesaler Yuan Dynasty information!

cheap wholesale sterling silver fashion jewelry Before the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolia
The Mongolian tribes in the Mongolian Plateau were originally a nation of the Kim dynasty. With the gradual decline of the Jin Dynasty, the power of Mongolia began to grow and gradually separated from the rule of the Jin Dynasty regime. In the four years (1204), the Mongolian leader Temu Mo unified the Mongolian tribes of Mongolia Plateau through the brutal war. In the sixth year of Thailand (1206 AD), Tiemuzhen was elected as "Genghis Khan" by various tribes, and established the regime in Mobei. After the establishment of Greater Mongolia, it continued to launch the conquest of the war to expand its territory. In 1217, West Liao was destroyed, and the West Expeditionary Hua Ziming Model was attacked in 1219, and it has been attacking the Volga River Basin. In 1225, he returned to the east and wiped out Xixia in 1227. Genghis Khan also died of illness in Xixia's expedition. The Mongolian army's foreign war is conquer. In order to reduce the casualties of the Mongolian army and accelerate the progress of the war, the Mongolian army adopted a cruel and brutal policy to the enemy during the war. A large number of areas that dare to fight bravely after breaking the city were slaughtered and slavered, and countless property was plundered and damaged. As a result of the war, the huge empire with unprecedented territory, the size of the population and the total population of the world, and the economic aggregate ranked first, and the influence was very influential. It basically realized the unity of the world and the world of the world, which had a great impact on future generations.

The establishment of the Yuan Dynasty
The Mongolian Empire Khan Mengge died in Sichuan in 1259 at the age of 52. His fourth brother Kublai Khan and the seven brother Ali Big Ge began to compete for sweat. In March 1260, Ali Big's support at Hara and Lin, the capital of Mongolia Empires, such as Hara and Lin, such as Harale Terrace of Mongolian Empires, such as the Orthodox Orthodox School of Zongwang Ayutta. At the same time, Kublai Khan returned to Kaiping (now Toron, Inner Mongolia) with the Southern Song Dynasty. With the support of the Central Plains and some Mongolian King, he claimed to be sweating. In April 1260, Kublai Khan established a province of China, which was in charge of national government affairs. In May 1260, Kublai Khan promulgated the Antarrass Act and established Yuanzhong. Because Kublai Khan rally of sweat in the Central Plains, and the implementation of Hanfa, it obviously violated the Mongolian tradition and caused strong dissatisfaction between Ali Big and Mongolian Orthodox School. Khan war. Until 1264, Ali Big Brother defeated and surrendered, Kublai Khan was determined to be one, but the "Hanfa" proposition he implemented caused many Mongolian aristocrats to dissatisfy and refused to attach Kublai Khanate. As a result, several other Mongolian sweat The country has hostile, and Kublai Khan's regime only includes "China" (not China in the exactly sense of today) and the Mongolian Plateau, and the Mongolian Empire has no longer existed.
to the eighth year of the yuan (1271 AD), Kublai Khan announced the "Founding of the Guo Guo" decree, which means the meaning of "Da Qian Qian Yuan" in the Book of Changes. This is the watershed of the Mongolian Empire's regime from the world's unified empire to the Central Plains dynasty. The Mongolian regime has previously implemented the predatory rule of nomadic nature to the Central Plains region. The Central Plains is only part of its territory. It was only transformed into a dynasty with China as the main place of occupation, and the name of "Yuan" had not yet appeared before that, so the establishment of "Da Yuan" should be counted.
It 9 years (AD 1272), under the planning of Liu Bingzhong, the capital was built in the Central Plains (now Beijing). By the 13th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1276 AD), the Yuan Army captured Lin'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province), and captured 6 -year -old Emperor Song Gong and Empress Xie Empress Xie. By the 16th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1279 AD), the Yuan Army died of the last resistance of the Southern Song Dynasty in the Southern Song Dynasty. After
, the Yuan Army has attacked some surrounding areas, such as Vietnam and Japan. Among them, the war that trys to conquer Japan is the most famous. It is usually considered that typhoon (Japanese calls "Kamika") The biggest reason. However, the latest scientific discovery denied this reason. A new archeological discovery recently published in the British "New Scientist" Weekly pointed out: The Goryeo people who built a warship for Kublai Khan's intention to build and design the extremely poorly designed quality of the Mongolian fleet that caused Kublai Khan to burial in the belly of the fish was buried.

[Edit this paragraph] Science and culture
This has high achievements in the cultural art and science and technology of the Yuan Dynasty. Astronomy was in the world's most advanced status at that time, and mathematics and medicine were also among the world's advanced. Scientist Guo Shoujing revised the new calendar in 1276. After 4 years, it formulated the "Time Calendar" and passed for more than 360 years. A calendar. He also served as the Dushui Supervisor and was responsible for revising the canal from the Yuan Dynasty to Tongzhou (then named "Tonghui River" by Kublai Khan), coupled with several other major projects such as the Jeju River, Huitong River Today's Beijing -Hangzhou Grand Canal, with a total length of more than 1700 kilometers; the creation of opera and novels is prosperous, and a number of outstanding drama writers such as Guan Hanqing have emerged. Yuan Qu became an excellent Chinese literary heritage with Tang Shi and Song Ci. Chinese culture is the crystallization of the wisdom of the people of all ethnic groups in China. The collision between grassland culture and the Yellow River culture and the Yangtze River culture has stirred countless gorgeous sparks, providing inexhaustible motivation for the development of Chinese culture.
This has been a multi -ethnic country since ancient times. Every nation has contributed to the progress and development of Chinese civilization in different historical periods. The Yuan Dynasty refers to the feudal regime established by the Mongolian rulers from 1206 to 1368. In the sequence of the Chinese dynasty, although the regime has a short time, its impact on the development of Chinese history is extremely important.
The process of pushing the multi -in -one cultural pattern of China
13th century, after more than half a century of conquest war, the Mongolian rulers have eliminated West Xia, Xiliao, Jin Dynasty, Dali, Tubo, and the Southern Song Dynasty. The unprecedented unity of multi -ethnic countries has formed a favorable environment that is conducive to the development of cultural exchanges in various ethnic groups.
The pattern of coexistence in Chinese multi -ethnic culture has been further affirmed. Since the Spring and Autumn Period, the "Xiayi" formed by the Central Plains region has emphasized the idea of ​​"respecting summer" and "changing with Xiayi" to form obstacles to equal exchanges between nations. For example, in the "positive" in the field of history, the government advocates that "the four crickets must not be orthodox", and the regime that enters the northern nation into the Central Plains is tied with the "stealing the country" and "usurped the country" to include non -"orthodox" sequences. In fact, rejecting other national politics and culture. Because the Yuan Dynasty also belonged to the minority regime of the Central Plains, the rulers needed to work hard to reverse this traditional concept in order to establish the legitimacy of their status. During the compilation of the history of "Liao", "Song", and "Gold", the presidents of the three history of the three history and the prime minister of the Zhongshu Youzhang lined up the public, "the independence said: 'Three Kingdoms and Orthodox, each department's year number. Those who are in interest. "This move ended the" orthodox "debate of more than 200 years after the death of the Liao Dynasty. At the same time, in the history of Chinese history, it was the first time that the central government had affirmed the legal status of various ethnic groups in the name of the central government. Its meaning is just like Mr. Han Rulin's summary: "This decision determines the basic principle of equal view of the three history. The historical situation is correct, so the contribution to the three history cannot be ignored. "
has accelerated the exchange of national cultures. The national policies and cultural policies implemented by the ruler of the Yuan Dynasty have caused many new weather in the integration and development of the cultures of various ethnic groups in ancient China. The Mongolian text was born during this period and used to this day; the first historical book "Mongolian Secret" written in the history of nomadic nomads in the northern nomadic people was born; ; The Yuan Dynasty was also the first dynasty in the history of the unified dynasty in China; "Liao History", "Song History" and "Golden History" were the only historical books in the history of the 24th history, edited by multi -ethnic historians, In the history of Chinese history, the first dynasties were preceded by the history of the three dynasties, and the precious historical and cultural heritage was preserved for future generations. The Central Plains culture was widely spread in the border ethnic region. For the first time in remote areas, schools that teach Confucian culture have appeared; for the first time in China, a nationwide ethnic minority language education institution approved by the central government -Mongolian Guozi and Back to Guozi School, Mongolia, Khitan, Women's True and Hehe A large number of Chinese writers have emerged in the middle of the colors; the cultures of various ethnic groups in the Western Regions have been further circulated to the Central Plains society. In the atmosphere, the integration of various ethnic groups has also entered another climax period. The ethnic groups such as the Khitan, Women, and Party items quietly integrated into the Mongolian, Han and other nations. Essence Regarding the harmonious coexist of the Yuan Dynasty, Edorick, one of the "four major travelers" in the medieval Europe, once called it "the biggest miracle in the world."
In this shows that the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty broke the phenomenon of artificial cultural shielding that had appeared in history before. The reality of Chinese culture diversity was generally recognized. The diverse pattern becomes a fact in a unified environment. Compatible with pragmatic cultural policies have promoted the development of Chinese feudal culture
compared with most Chinese feudal dynasties, there are two characteristics of the ideological and cultural concepts of the Mongolian and Yuan dynasties: one is compatible, and the other is "No Shang Xuwen ". Under the guidance of this idea, the cultural environment of the Yuan Dynasty showed the characteristics of being pragmatic.
The cultural compatibility of the Mongolian and Yuan dynasty is mainly reflected in the following aspects: it is the only dynasty in ancient Chinese history that did not propose a "taboo" system from an official perspective; One of them has not yet been found an example of unfortunately in the Yuan Dynasty. According to statistics, the cultural ban in the Yuan Dynasty was only one -tenth of the Ming and Qing dynasties; it was also the only dynasty in the history of Chinese feudal history that clearly proposed the freedom of religious belief. Believers, this was probably a unique cultural phenomenon in the entire Eurasia.
The cultural atmosphere provides a good environment for the development of Chinese culture. Chinese "major events in the history of drama and literature" -Yuanqu (Sanqu and Miscellaneous Drama) formed in this environment. Today, people are tied with Tang poetry and Song poetry, and they are regarded as the treasures of Chinese culture. Some scholars believe that the reason why Yuanqu was born and prosperous in the Yuan Dynasty is mainly due to the influence of ethics and morality in the northern ethnic minorities in the Yuan Dynasty and the loose cultural policy, and "enables social ideas to get rid of the restraint of traditional norms" freely.
The social status of Confucian culture has been further improved. Confucius was named "Dacheng to Shengwen Xuanwang" in the Yuan Dynasty, making his reputation reaches the degree. Mencius and other famous Confucianism have also won a lofty title; the Yuan Dynasty set up a "Confucian house" class in Chinese history for the first time to protect intellectuals. The popular education of the people in the Yuan Dynasty exceeded the predecessor, the academy reached more than 400, and the number of state schools reached more than 2,4400. Mr. Chen Yuan commented on the development of the Confucian culture of the Yuan Dynasty: "On the Yuan Dynasty, it is no more than a hundred years ... ... If it starts from Han Gao and Tang Taishi, and the 100 years of the Han and Tang Dynasties, and the ancestors of the Qing Dynasty, the ancestors of the Qing Dynasty It starts, and as of the twenty years of Qianlong, instead of the 20 years of Qianlong, the Han, Tang, and Qing academic flourishes, how can you pass the Yuan! "
Essence The establishment of the Mongolians of the Yuan Dynasty is in the rising stage of the feudal society and has relatively urgent development requirements. Therefore, compared with the Song Dynasty, the pragmatic cultural spirit of the Yuan Dynasty was very significant. Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, advocated that "the heavens are only sincere, and the people of the people are only benefited", and they emphasize that "do it to do so in virtue and not still virtue." Based on this, he proposed "imperial examinations, not taking what I don't take", abolished the imperial examination system, emphasized talents in personnel selection, not simply "win by literature"; It has also been developed rapidly: a series of large -scale astronomical measurements organized by the government, so that China is at the world's advanced level (such as scientific data, the number of stars, calendars, etc.) in many astronomical fields; , "The Great Yuan Yingzhi" opened the precedent of the general general ambition of China's official repairs, and it was also the largest official geography book in ancient Chinese history. Organized the field scientific research of the Yellow River source in the history of Chinese history; in terms of agricultural technology and agricultural popularization, the north -south and east -west crops exchanged for extensive exchanges. The agricultural technology (such as production tools) in various places (such as production tools) was long and short. universal. The government has strengthened the summary and popularization of agricultural science and technology. The "Agricultural Mulberry Collection" edited by the Agricultural Department is the earliest comprehensive agricultural book that guides the national agricultural production by the ancient Chinese government. "Is the oldest one of the Chinese Yue Ling Sports Books. Wang Yan's" Agricultural Book "is the first agricultural book to systematically study the national agriculture in China; on the basis of the invented Chinese characters in the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty invented Metal types, rotor rowing methods and colors printing techniques. In addition, the Yuan regime also attaches great importance to medical, shipbuilding, ceramic manufacturing and water conservancy. In the Yuan Dynasty, Chinese medicine has developed greatly. The four -university of Jinyuan University, especially the close and frequent exchanges between China and Arabia, Persia and other places, which not only greatly promoted the Chinese people's major invention and the knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine. , And made the Arab and Persian pharmaceutical classics, which were at the leading level, were brought to China and translated into Chinese. Arabic -style aromatic volatilization, nasal drops, dew, oil, oil and syrup, etc. have generally been promoted and applied. In the Yuan Dynasty's secretary supervisor, many Arabs' works on pharmaceuticals were preserved. At this time, traditional Chinese medicine has been deeply influenced by these foreign pharmaceuticals, especially Chinese medicine, which has expanded the connotation of "Chinese medicine". A large absorption and use of "sea medicine" from Arabs, Persians, and even Indians. The Yuan Dynasty government set up Guanghui Si under the Tai Hospital to take back to the medical affairs; in 1291 AD, the "return pharmaceutical home" was established in the capital and the top. The well -known "return medicine" was also from the Islamic country during the Yuan Dynasty. In addition, Hangzhou Muslims in the late Yuan Dynasty had begun to set up a more formal hospital for cure for Chinese people. The Yuan Dynasty was not only the pinnacle of the development of ancient Chinese astronomy, but also the last golden period of Chinese mathematics. The Chinese use Arabic numerals starting from the Yuan Dynasty. These wonderful numbers are gifts from Muslims to China during the Yuan Dynasty. In 1957, in the site of the Anxi Palace of the Yuan Dynasty in Xi'an, archaeological players found that five pieces of Arabic digital evacuated iron blocks were found, and four of them were sandwiched in two neatly carved square stones when they were unearthed. After research, this is the six -six illusion arranged in Arabic numerals, and the sum of the numbers of vertical, horizontal, and diagonal lines is "111".
The in China, medicines have appeared in the basis of inheriting the tradition.
"Return Pharmaceutical" (hereinafter referred to as "Pharmaceutical") is a large -scale comprehensive comprehensive return pharmaceutical classics in China (the author is unknown). The original 36 volumes, a few residues can be seen in the Beijing Library. The book is mostly written in Chinese, and at the same time, many Arabic and Persian pharmaceutical terms and Chinese transliterations are mixed. It can be seen only based on a few residual this catalog that "Medicine" is a medical classics including internal medicine, surgery, gynecological, pediatrics, bone injuries and skin diseases, rich content and Chinese and Western characteristics. According to the residual part, scholars infer that there are about 6,000 to 7,000 prescriptions in the "Medicine", and their value is equivalent to the "Secret Essentials of Foreign Taiwan" in traditional Chinese medicine.
The era of the most prosperous era in the Chinese and Western cultural exchanges during the feudal period of China
This and the emergence of regimes such as the Yuan Dynasty and the four major sweat countries, which caused significant changes in the political structure of Eurasia after the 13th century. Many of the former regime in Western Asia disappeared, and some areas in Europe were also included in the rule of Mongolian Khanate. There is no doubt that the cruel war and the violent social turmoil have brought huge pain to the people of Europe and Asia. However, the conquest of the war and the established Mongolian regime cannot be ignored by the active impact of objectively. It has broken the barriers of economic and cultural exchanges between Eurasia. The Mongolian rulers encouraged the open policy of general business, convenient and safe station transportation, which brought closer the distance between Eurasia and made the direct dialogue between various cultures a reality, shortening the development of the Europeania and Asia. Balance and the gap between the civilized process caused by geographical space and artificial closedness. The exchange allowed China to know the world, the world also met China. The mysterious veil between the East and the West was revealed, and the history of world civilization entered a new era. If observed from the perspective of Chinese cultural history, the influence of the Mongolian and Yuan dynasties is mainly reflected in two aspects: promoting China's internationalization. In ancient Chinese history, the dynasty, which had the greatest impact on the outside world, was the Tang Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty. However, if compared with the scope of the external impact, the number of countries, and the international status, the Tang Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty were incomparable. The discounts of business policies, smooth business roads, wealthy countries, and beautiful legends have made the Yuan Dynasty a huge attractiveness to all sectors of society in the West and Arabia. Shangdu, Dadu, Hangzhou, Quanzhou, and Guangzhou already have the color of international cities, and Quanzhou Port has become the largest foreign trade port in the world. Travelers, merchants, missionaries, government envoys and craftsmen came to China from land and sea roads. Some of them have lived in China for a long time, and some of them are also government officials. According to statistics, these people come from Persia, Iraq, Ace, Kangli, Syria, Morocco, Korean, Bhutan, Nepal, Delhi Sultan, Poland, Hungary, Rose, England, France, Italy, Armen, Afghanistan, Afghanistan, Afghanistan, Afghanistan Waiting for the country. After returning home, some people recorded their opinions in China. It is these travel notes that for the first time to master the information of China and the East in a comprehensive manner, and a civilized and rich Chinese truly displayed in front of the world. This information has changed the Europeans' understanding and understanding of the world. The academic community generally believes that the works of Marco Polo and others have a vital impact on the arrival of the Great Navigation era.
This created the most prosperous era in ancient Chinese and Western cultural exchanges. The country and regions of the Yuan Dynasty's economic and trade exchanges through the "Silk Road" of the Yuan Dynasty increased from more than 50 in the Song Dynasty to more than 140. The sea road reaches the African coast, and the land roads reach Western Europe. The unified environment has created unprecedented convenient conditions for international and regional exchanges. It is said that "those who are thousands of miles, such as in the house; While a large number of Arabs and Europeans rushed to the east, the Chinese field of vision was more open, and their understanding of neighboring countries, Central Asia, South Asia, and Indian Ocean regions was clearer, and their footprints even extended to Western Asia and Western Europe. People's understanding and introduction to the external world are no longer limited to hearing, but most of them are personal experience. For example, Wang Dayuan's book of "Island Yi Zhi", the historical facts of the Indian Ocean and the history of the South China Sea "are all visited by themselves, seeing what they see, legendary things, but not carrying it." The book records hundreds of place names, as well as mountain insurance in various places, climate and products, character customs, and the situation of economic and cultural exchanges with our country. Similar literatures include "Journey to the West", "Journey to the West", "Northern Movement", "Ji Su Ji", "True La Wind and Earth", "Exotic", etc., reflect the Chinese people of the Yuan Dynasty in the external world of the Yuan Dynasty New understanding and open cultural vision.
The diversification and prosperity of the capital culture
, it is also known as Shangjing and Qijing. It is located at the junction of Central Plains and Mobei. The second capital established by the Mongolian Empire after Harbin and Lin, and it also marks the historical city of the Mongolian and Yuan Empire to its glory.
1251 Monte's Khan was in his throne, and his brother Kublai Khan "Moan Han Dynasty Military Nationality" was ordered. In order to govern Xingzhou, Henan, and Shaanxi, Kublai Khan went south of Mobi, resident in the area of ​​Huanzhou and Fuzhou, and the impact plain in the upper reaches of the Luohe River, the famous scholars of the world, and the world of the world. The Golden Lotus Sichuan Shogunate has formed the talent pool and think tank of Kublai Kubilie's Central Plains Military Affairs. Established the thoughts of advocating cowardly learning, rehabilitating the "governance", and "the foundation of the peace in the world".
In 1256, Kublai Khan Feng Meng Ge Khan, ordered Liu Bingzhong to "build a castle in the Yangtze River in Lingbei, build a castle, Yinggong room". In the north, Longgang, the Luohe River in the south, looking at Jinlianchuan, Kaiping City was completed in 1259. In 1260, Kublai Khan was a big sweat, and Kaiping was promoted to the government. In 1263, the expansion of the Kaiping Mansion was officially added to Shangdu, and the upper capital manager was set up. At that time, Peiping was called Yanjing. In 1264, it was changed to Zhongdu and eight years later.
It is the political and cultural center of the Mongolian Empire to the heyday. The territory of Kublai Khan's dive dull period was the birthplace of the great cause of the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty ancestor Kublai Khan succeeded in the success of Genghis Khan and Wo Kuotai Khan. He immediately hit the world. Three generations have successively became the heyday of the Mongolian and Yuan Empire.
The emperors in the Great Yuan Empire ascended the throne of Da Khan. Since the middle of the Yuan Dynasty, the "changes in the south slope", the "two capitals of the two capitals", and "the transformation of the upper capital" and other court struggle and bloody conflict all proved the position of political, military, and cultural status that was extremely important.
The vast region and stable development of the Great Yuan Empire greatly facilitated the prosperity of multiculturalism and political, economic, and cultural exchanges with countries around the world.
has a profound impact on Chinese and foreign to history. Many foreign messengers, missionary soil, businessmen, tourists, etc. have been accepted by the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty and established and developed friendly relations. Wang Yan's "Midtown" records that in the second year of Zhongtong (126t), the messenger of the Fa Lang Kingdom (Europe) went to the Kaiping Dynasty to see Kublai Khan. " In the same year, King Gaoli also sent Wang Zi to lead 18 people to Hui Ping. In the four years of Pound (1300), the leader of the Burmese Mu Liancheng, A San, sent his brothers to his lesions to come to China with 91 people. Yuan Chengzong summoned Su in the Yuan Dynasty. In the second year of the year (1342), the messenger of the Pope of Roman, Ma Linoli, went to the capital, and was summoned by the Emperor Yuan Shun in Caren Temple.
The businessmen such as Allah, Persia, Turkic and other merchants are often known as "color merchants" or "return merchant". The Venetian businessman of Italy, the Nichole, brothers Marco and Polo to China, were highly courteous on Kublai Khan. Marco Polo has lived in China for 17 years, and has won Kublai Khan. The famous "Marco Polo" describes in detail the palace, temple, court etiquette, and people's customs of Shangdu, and introduced the world to the world and let the world understand China.
Foreign scientists have also come to work in Shangdu, which has promoted the exchanges and development of scientific and culture of Chinese and foreign. Persian science scholars Zamatin had been appointed by Montewhan to build the Observatory. By the eighth year of AD (1271), he returned to the Observatory and officially established (also known as the Beidi Observatory). Kublai Khan gave the first observatory of the Observatory who was appointed by the Yuan Dynasty. A variety of large astronomical instruments of Zuma Stomato developed subsequent subsequent subsequent subsequents and formulated the "perpetual calendar". Feng Tianzhang, who was the young prisoner of the Beidi Observatory and the famous scientist Guo Shoujing, was influenced by Zama.
The capital of the capital, Taoism, Tao Palace, Hui Temple and Temple. In addition to the Manchuism in Mongolia, Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, and Christianity are all active. The well -known Buddhist Taoist debate has a profound influence. Two Buddhist and Taoism argued that the Ting court would organize and analyze. The two met: Dao Sheng was the first monk, and the monk wissed the monk. For the first time, in 1255, in Moba Kazakhstan, the Buddhist representative Shaolin Temple elder Fuyu rejected the leader of Quanzhen denomination Li Zhicun. In the second 1258, "Monter commissioned Kublai Khan to call the representatives of the two religions of the Buddhist Buddhism and Taoism in Kaiping for the second debate. People, Tubo (Tusbo) Pan Mi Heng, Basba, as the emperor of the religion and the Kashmir monk Namo, also attended the debate conference. Because it is Mongolian and Yuan Political Culture Center, and has a wide range of influences in the world, there are many languages. The official Mongolian text, the text of the characters and the new words of Basba. Yishi Feifei (Ancient Iranian Persian) text.
The status of Confucius Temple and Basba Emperor Temple. The throne of the Great Khan in the next year is the throne of the Khan. In the year (1261), the emperor of the Shizu ancestors awarded a book to the whole country. When the moon was explained, the officials of the officials of the officers had to invade the blasphemy and offend the crime. "In the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1267), a huge sum of sums of the Confucius Temple. In the second year of Shun (1331) and
to the second year (1336) to issue a order, and the Confucius Temple was given to the top. nThis temples are academic. The Confucian Temple is respected, and Confucianism is also widely spread. The three traditions of Chinese culture, cowardly, Tao, and Buddha have developed in -depth development. . Taoism takes nature as the law, "Taoist law is natural", advocating the inaction naturalism, advocating "the unity of heaven and man", the Buddhist family from the "liberation" coordinate view of life, believing in the value judgment of "impermanence", providing people with Understand the spiritual support of the method of getting rid of methods and ways. Confucianism governs the world, Taoism governs the body, the Buddhist family govern the mind, the Confucian world, the Taoist hidden world, and the Buddhist family. The three are integrated in the following three aspects: First, the concern of the life of people. The second is the pursuit of lofty realm of life, and the third is to attach importance to the cultivation of the mind. Chinese culture has a long history of more than 5,000 years. The Mongolian and Yuan dynasties have significant characteristics in culture and diversity and wide collection. In this way, such historical conditions are also unprecedented. In fact, Chinese culture is also formed by continuously absorbing the foundation of various regions of various nations. In particular, the Yuanqu has reached a very high level. The Yuan Zai drama has widely absorbed the development of various songs and skills on the basis of the Golden Academy and the Tsui Tune of the Palace, reaching a heyday. . The famous writers Guan Hanqing, Wang Shifu, Ma Zhiyuan, Zheng Guangzu, Bai Pu, etc. have become people who have passed the ages. A large number of masterpieces such as "Dou Ejin" and "West Chamber" have outstanding achievements in drama and literature. The development has a profound influence. There are about 150 kinds of works remaining in Yuan Zai drama, which has become a treasure of human drama and literature and art. . Master Zhao Mengfu inherits Wang Xizhi. The circle turns, and the people are called Zhao style. Poetry and painting are good. Yuanhao asked many works, and they are famous poets and poet critics. , Possess a significant position in the Chinese culture. During the Mongolian and Yuan dynasties, the Chinese territory across Eurasia's vast region and the unification of many ethnic groups made the development of culture have unprecedented profound and broad connotations. Local culture and Central Plains culture, oriental culture and western culture, large intersections, large integration, with unprecedented development and improvement of time and space. As the Xiadu of the Yuan Dynasty and the birthplace of Mongolian Khan, they have a pivotal center. In contrast, the tops are regarded as "the homeland of the Mongolians". Compared with most, as the political and cultural center of the Mongolian period, the Shangdu culture has more realm in Mongolian culture. , Horse milk feast, Bai Yan bird singing and dancing, grazing peony and other grasslands characteristics. On the occasion of the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Kubili established the shogunate in the Jinlianchuan where the capital was located, and prepared for the establishment of ideas, culture, theory, and talents for the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty. From the 36 -year -old chief, "Moan Han, the National Army", he worked hard for ten years. At the age of 46 (1260), he appeared on the Da Khan throne. Shangdu "controls the northwest, Liaohai in the east, and the world is present in the south. (Volume 10 of the "Ancient Records of Dao Guoxue") The ones are close to the political and military centers of the former Mongolian Khanate. The Mobei Mongolian ancestors and nobles with a strong force in liaison and control have a pivotal position in politics and military. Culturally, it has also become a combination of Mongolian local culture and Central Plains culture. It is a place where the Mongolian grassland culture and the Han nationality farming culture are integrated with the Central Plains culture. Therefore, Shangdu culture is a concentrated manifestation of Mongolian and elegant culture, and it is also a high degree of development of Mongolian culture. It absorbs the beneficial ingredients of various cultures and achieves a historic height. As the mainstream culture of the Yuan Dynasty, the mainstream culture had a profound impact on the development of society and history. As a world power, it has also had a significant impact on the cultural development of the world and the civilization of human beings that cannot be ignored.
Reference materials: Baidu Encyclopedia

wholesale wire jewelry holder After the Yuan Dynasty unified the whole country, the territory of the strong period was: north to Mongolia, Siberia (when it reached the Arctic Ocean), south to the South China Sea, southwest, including Tibet, Yunnan, northwest to the eastern part of Xinjiang, northeast to Xing'an Ridge, and Ohhiri. The total area of ​​the Yuan Dynasty exceeded 12 million square kilometers; if it reached the Arctic Ocean, it would exceed 22 million square kilometers.
This is divided into the Tubo area under the jurisdiction of the General Institute of China, as well as the provinces of China and 11 Zhongshu Province, and the General Institute of General System (renamed Xuanzheng Institute in 1288).
The clothing system of the Yuan Dynasty is similar to Liaoning and Jin.
The Yuan Dynasty was ruled by the Mongolians, so the costumes of the Yuan Dynasty were also special. The Mongolians made the hair on the forehead into a small ravioli, like a peach, and the others were compiled into two braids, and then they were dangled behind the ears, and they were wearing a hup on their heads. The clothes of the people in the Yuan Dynasty were mainly "quality grandson clothes". They were shorter robes. They were relatively tight and narrow. There were many folds on the waist. This kind of clothes were convenient to go up and down.
The noble women of the Yuan Dynasty often wearing a high -length and long hat -looking hat. This hat is called "crown". The robes they wear are wide and long, and they are inconvenient to walk. They often ask two maids to help them hold the corner of the robe. The ordinary civilian women are mostly wearing black robes.
Male clothing clothing:
Crown clothing:
天 衮 冕 冕.

I Gong clothes: The hundred officials worn by the official when saluting.
Chemare: The main clothing on the upper layer of the Yuan Dynasty